Hyper- and Hypopigmentation Skin Disorders

Disorders of skin pigmentation, whether excess or decreased melanin production, represent significant clinical challenges that require a thorough understanding of melanocyte biology and skin physiology. These conditions demonstrate the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and inflammatory responses in determining skin pigmentation patterns.

The clinical significance of these disorders extends beyond their physical manifestations, as they often cause substantial psychological impact. Healthcare providers must master this knowledge to accurately diagnose and treat conditions ranging from vitiligo and albinism to melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, while understanding the cultural and social contexts that influence treatment choices.