Virus de la Varicela-Zóster

Clasificación

Características Generales y Epidemiología

Características básicas del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la varicela-zóster (VZV)

• También conocido como herpesvirus humano tipo 3
• Taxonomía:
  • Familia: Herpesviridae Herpesviridae A family of enveloped, linear, double-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide variety of animals. Subfamilies, based on biological characteristics, include: alphaherpesvirinae; betaherpesvirinae; and gammaherpesvirinae. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2
  • Subfamilia: Alphaherpesvirinae Alphaherpesvirinae A subfamily of herpesviridae characterized by a short replication cycle. The genera include: simplexvirus; varicellovirus; marek’s disease-like viruses; and iltovirus. Antivirals for Herpes Virus
  • Género: Varicellovirus Varicellovirus A genus of the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae. Its species include those causing chickenpox and herpes zoster in humans, as well as several animal viruses. Varicella-Zoster Virus/Chickenpox
• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de ADN:
  • Lineal
  • Doble cadena
• Elementos estructurales:
  • Núcleo (material genético)
  • Cápside proteica icosaédrica
  • Tegumento (proteínas y enzimas virales)
  • Envoltura lipídica y picos de glicoproteínas

Enfermedades asociadas

El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la varicela-zóster causa dos síndromes distintos:

• Varicela
• Herpes zóster

Epidemiología

Varicela:

• Antes del uso rutinario de la vacuna:
  • > 95% de las personas infectadas a la edad de 20 años
  • Incidencia anual en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos: 4 millones de casos
  • Aproximadamente 11.000 ingresos hospitalarios
  • Aproximadamente 100 muertes
• Desde la vacuna:
  • Disminución de la incidencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un 90%
  • Disminución sustancial de las hospitalizaciones y las muertes

Herpes zóster (culebrilla):

• Incidencia anual en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos: 1,2 millones de casos
• Aproximadamente el 30% de la población experimentará herpes zóster a lo largo de su vida.
• Solo se produce en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos previamente afectados por la varicela.

Patogénesis

Reservorio

Los LOS Neisseria humanos son el único reservorio del VZV.

Transmisión

Las infecciones son muy contagiosas y el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology puede transmitirse a través de:

• Inhalación de gotitas respiratorias aerosolizadas
• Contacto directo con el líquido vesicular de las lesiones cutáneas

Factores de riesgo del huésped

Personas con mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades graves y complicaciones:

• Mujeres embarazadas
• Extremos de edad:
  • Lactantes
  • Ancianos
• Pacientes inmunodeprimidos:
  • VIH/SIDA
  • Trasplante de órganos
  • Quimioterapia
  • Esteroides crónicos

Ciclo de replicación viral

• El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology se adhiere a los LOS Neisseria receptores de las células del huésped → endocitosis.
• Se fusiona con la membrana plasmática → el núcleo se libera en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma de la célula.
• Se desplaza a los LOS Neisseria poros nucleares → ADN liberado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el núcleo.
• Se produce la transcripción y replicación viral → ensamblaje.
• Desprendimiento de la membrana nuclear → proporciona una envoltura primaria (temporal).
• Continuación del ensamblaje y maduración del virión → envoltura secundaria → liberación de la célula

Fisiopatología

Infección primaria (varicela):

• Se transmite a través de aerosoles → se dirige a las células mucoepiteliales → replicación.
• Viremia Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood. Erythema Infectiosum → se produce una enfermedad contagiosa y febril.
• Tras la resolución, las partículas virales permanecen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria ganglios de la raiz dorsal o en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum otros ganglios sensoriales.
• El sistema inmunitario del huésped suprime la replicación del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology → permanece latente durante años o décadas (periodo de latencia).

Infección secundaria (herpes zóster):

• El sistema inmunitario del huésped no logra contener el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology → el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la varicela-zóster se reactiva.
• Se extiende por el nervio sensorial → piel → erupción.
• Una respuesta inflamatoria en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria ganglios sensoriales:
  • Implica a las células plasmáticas y a los LOS Neisseria linfocitos T.
  • Puede provocar daños neuronales → dolor Dolor Inflammation neuropático.

Patología

La histología de las infecciones por herpes es característica.

• Gross: múltiples vesículas (ampollas) en racimos que muestran una distribución serpenteante (Gr. herpēs, “arrastrarse”)
• Microscópico:
  • Vista en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum bajo aumento: ampollas intraepidérmicas (vesículas)
  • Características histológicas clave:
    • Acantólisis (pérdida de conexiones intercelulares)
    • Queratinocitos solitarios dentro de la cavidad de la ampolla
    • Cambios nucleares en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria queratinocitos: multinucleación, inclusiones nucleares vidriosas grandes y de color rosa a púrpura (inclusiones Cowdry tipo A), marginación de la cromatina nuclear
    • Las inclusiones intranucleares consisten en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum proteínas de replicación viral y viriones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum varias etapas de ensamblaje que empujan la cromatina de la célula huésped hacia los LOS Neisseria bordes del núcleo.
    • Las células sinciciales multinucleadas son el resultado de la capacidad del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del herpes para promover la fusión celular.
    • Citoplasma vacuolado con hinchazón (conocido como abultamiento)
    • Infiltrado inflamatorio: mixto, con predominio de neutrófilos y linfocitos, a menudo con eosinófilos dispersos

Presentación Clínica

Varicela

La varicela está causada por una infección primaria por el VZV y tiene un periodo de incubación de 10 a 21 días tras la exposición.

• Síndrome (más común en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum adolescentes y adultos):
  • Fiebre
  • Malestar
  • Faringitis
  • Pérdida de apetito
  • Cefalea
• Enantema:
  • Puede preceder al AL Amyloidosis exantema.
  • Pequeñas úlceras poco profundas.
  • Puede ser pruriginoso o doloroso.
• Exantema:
  • Intensamente pruriginoso
  • Evolución:
    • Pequeñas máculas → pápulas → vesículas sobre base roja (“gota de rocío en un pétalo de rosa”)
    • Se vuelven pustulosas → con costra.
    • Aparecen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria cultivos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el transcurso de unos días → las lesiones estarán en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum diferentes etapas de evolución.
  • Distribución:
    • Generalizada
    • Puede incluir las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los LOS Neisseria pies.

Herpes zóster (culebrilla)

El herpes zóster es una infección de reactivación que puede producirse con la edad o el estrés y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos inmunodeprimidos.

• Neuritis aguda:
  • Síntoma más común (a menudo precede a la erupción)
  • Dolor Dolor Inflammation neuropático e hipersensibilidad
• Erupción:
  • Unilateral
  • Distribución en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum dermatoma
  • Progresión:
    • Pápulas eritematosas → bullas o grupos de vesículas
    • Se vuelve pustulosa o hemorrágica → formación de costras
• Síntomas sistémicos (< 20% de los LOS Neisseria casos):
  • Fiebre
  • Cefalea
  • Malestar
  • Fatiga

Diagnóstico y Tratamiento

Diagnóstico

El diagnóstico de la varicela suele ser clínico. Las siguientes pruebas pueden utilizarse para diagnosticar a los LOS Neisseria pacientes con presentaciones atípicas:

• PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
  • Se utiliza una muestra de las lesiones vesiculares para detectar el ADN del VZV.
  • Método más sensible
• Prueba de anticuerpos fluorescentes directos (DFA, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés):
  • Para analizar los LOS Neisseria raspados de las lesiones
  • Sensibilidad limitada
  • No se puede realizar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum lesiones con costra.
• Serología
  • Para detectar anticuerpos IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions o IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis contra el VZV
  • Menos sensible que la PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• Frotis de Tzanck:
  • Sensibilidad y especificidad más bajas
  • Puede confirmar una lesión herpética. pero no puede diferenciar los LOS Neisseria virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del herpes.
  • Muestra células gigantes multinucleadas

Tratamiento (incluye)

Tratamiento de soporte:

• Manejo del prurito:
  • Baños de avena
  • Loción de calamina
  • Antihistamínicos
• Antipiréticos:
  • Paracetamol paracetamol Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter nonopioid analgesic and antipyretic medication and the most commonly used analgesic worldwide. Despite the widespread use of acetaminophen, its mechanism of action is not entirely understood. Acetaminophen
  • Evite la aspirina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria niños.
• Evite rascarse las lesiones de la piel para prevenir:
  • Infecciones bacterianas secundarias
  • Cicatrices permanentes

Terapia antiviral Antiviral Antivirals for Hepatitis B:

• Recomendado para pacientes con riesgo de complicaciones graves:
  • Adolescentes no vacunados
  • Niños en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum tratamiento crónico con salicilatos
  • Adultos no vacunados o vacunados
  • Mujeres embarazadas
  • Pacientes inmunodeprimidos
• Opciones:
  • Aciclovir
  • Valaciclovir
  • Famciclovir Famciclovir An aminopurine derivative and prodrug of penciclovir which is a competitive inhibitor of herpes simplex 2 DNA polymerase. It is used to treat herpes simplex virus infection. Antivirals for Herpes Virus
• Administrar dentro de las 24 horas siguientes a la aparición de la erupción

Prevención

• Vacuna viva atenuada:
  • ↓ Riesgo de enfermedad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un 80% y riesgo de enfermedad grave en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum > 99%
  • Esquema de 2 dosis para niños:
    • Empezar a los LOS Neisseria 12–15 meses de edad
    • Refuerzo a los LOS Neisseria 4–6 años de edad
  • Contraindicaciones:
    • Pacientes inmunodeprimidos
    • Mujeres embarazadas
• Medidas de control de la infección en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes hospitalizados:
  • Precauciones por contacto y por aire (salas de flujo de aire negativo)
  • Solo el personal sanitario inmune debe atender a los LOS Neisseria pacientes afectados.

Complicaciones (Incluyen)

Infecciones bacterianas secundarias de la piel:

• A menudo causadas por Staphylococcus Staphylococcus Staphylococcus is a medically important genera of Gram-positive, aerobic cocci. These bacteria form clusters resembling grapes on culture plates. Staphylococci are ubiquitous for humans, and many strains compose the normal skin flora. Staphylococcus y Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus spp.
• Pueden evolucionar a una fascitis necrotizante o a un síndrome de shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock tóxico.

Complicaciones neurológicas:

• Encefalitis
• Ataxia Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or peripheral nerve diseases. Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; injury to the red nucleus; and other conditions. Ataxia-telangiectasia cerebelosa aguda
• Mielitis transversal

Síndrome de Reye:

• Poco común debido a la evitación de la aspirina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria niños
• Se presenta con:
  • Náuseas y vómitos
  • Cefalea
  • Alteración del estado mental

Síndrome de varicela congénita (infección congénita por TORCH):

• Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino
• Lesiones cutáneas cicatriciales
• Defectos oculares:
  • Cataratas
  • Coriorretinitis
  • Microftalmo
• Extremidades reducidas
• Defectos neurológicos:
  • Atrofia cortical cerebral
  • Convulsiones
  • Discapacidad intelectual

Otras complicaciones:

• Deshidratación
• Neumonía
• Hepatitis
• Miocarditis
• Complicaciones hemorrágicas

Comparación de los Herpesvirus

La siguiente tabla compara los LOS Neisseria 9 herpesvirus considerados endémicos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum humanos. En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum total se conocen 115 especies diferentes de herpesvirus que se agrupan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 3 familias:

• Alfa (infectan a las células epiteliales y producen una infección latente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las neuronas postmitóticas)
• Beta (infectan y producen una infección latente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum varios tipos de células)
• Gamma (producen infecciones latentes principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células linfoides)

Diagnóstico Diferencial

• Urticaria Urticaria Urticaria is raised, well-circumscribed areas (wheals) of edema (swelling) and erythema (redness) involving the dermis and epidermis with associated pruritus (itch). Urticaria is not a single disease but rather is a reaction pattern representing cutaneous mast cell degranulation. Urticaria (Hives) aguda o crónica: Patrón de reacción que representa la degranulación de los LOS Neisseria mastocitos cutáneos y que da lugar a la liberación de histamina y otras sustancias vasoactivas. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes con urticaria Urticaria Urticaria is raised, well-circumscribed areas (wheals) of edema (swelling) and erythema (redness) involving the dermis and epidermis with associated pruritus (itch). Urticaria is not a single disease but rather is a reaction pattern representing cutaneous mast cell degranulation. Urticaria (Hives) aguda o crónica tendrán ronchas eritematosas, edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema y prurito severo. El diagnóstico es clínico y se apoya en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pruebas de alergia. El tratamiento incluye antihistamínicos y evitar los LOS Neisseria desencadenantes.
• Enfermedad de manos, pies y boca: Una infección causada por el coxsackievirus Coxsackievirus Coxsackievirus is a member of a family of viruses called Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus. Coxsackieviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, and are divided into coxsackie group A and B viruses. Both groups of viruses cause upper respiratory infections, rashes, aseptic meningitis, or encephalitis. Coxsackievirus. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar fiebre, lesiones vesiculares orales y lesiones cutáneas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum manos y pies. La enfermedad de manos, pies y boca puede ir acompañada de fiebre y faringitis. El diagnóstico suele ser clínico y el tratamiento es de apoyo.
• Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson: Una reacción de hipersensibilidad cutánea, inmunomediada, que suele ser desencadenada por medicamentos, incluidos los LOS Neisseria antiepilépticos y los LOS Neisseria antibióticos. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar fiebre, faringitis y fatiga. Se producirá una erupción macular que progresará hasta la formación de bullas y la descamación. El diagnóstico es clínico y es necesario retirar el agente agresor. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes requieren hospitalización para una terapia de apoyo y para vigilar la superinfección.
• Enfermedad de Kawasaki: Vasculitis necrotizante de los vasos medianos. Los niños suelen presentar fiebre, eritema de las mucosas orales (“lengua de fresa”) y linfadenopatía. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes también pueden presentar una erupción cutánea macular con descamación en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las manos, los LOS Neisseria pies y la zona genital. El diagnóstico es clínico y se apoya en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum criterios diagnósticos. El tratamiento es de apoyo y puede incluir inmunoglobulinas intravenosas y aspirina.
• Impétigo: Infección bacteriana superficial causada por S. aureus S. aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. Staphylococcus y S. pyogenes. Los LOS Neisseria niños pueden presentar pápulas o vesículas que acaban formando costras de color miel. El diagnóstico es clínico y el manejo incluye antibióticos tópicos o sistémicos.
• Sarampión: Infección viral causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del sarampión. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar un pródromo de fiebre seguido de una erupción. A diferencia de la varicela, el sarampión se asocia con tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, conjuntivitis y lesiones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las mucosas (manchas de Koplik). El diagnóstico es clínico y se confirma mediante serología o PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). El tratamiento es de soporte.
• Rubéola: Onfección viral causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la rubéola. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes presentan síntomas constitucionales y un exantema vírico fino y macular que afecta a la cara y se extiende al AL Amyloidosis tronco y las extremidades. La erupción está asociada a pápulas rojas que se observan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el paladar blando. Las pápulas no son vesiculares, a diferencia de las que se observan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la varicela. El diagnóstico es clínico y se apoya en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la serología o la PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). El tratamiento es de soporte.