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Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis

Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis

Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis spp. son bacilos móviles, flagelados, gram-positivos e intracelulares facultativos. La principal especie patógena es Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis monocytogenes. Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis forma parte de la flora gastrointestinal normal de los LOS Neisseria mamíferos domésticos y las aves de corral, y se transmite a los LOS Neisseria humanos a través de la ingestión de alimentos contaminados, especialmente productos lácteos no pasteurizados. Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis también puede infectar al AL Amyloidosis feto in utero o a los LOS Neisseria neonatos durante el parto vaginal. Las personas sanas expuestas a L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis generalmente no se enferman si el inóculo es pequeño o pueden desarrollar solamente una gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis autolimitada. Las personas inmunocomprometidas o de edad avanzada, los LOS Neisseria neonatos y las mujeres embarazadas pueden desarrollar una enfermedad invasiva, como meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis y bacteriemia. El tratamiento de la listeriosis invasiva incluye ampicilina y gentamicina.

Last updated: Dec 15, 2025

Editorial responsibility: Stanley Oiseth, Lindsay Jones, Evelin Maza

Contents

Clasificación

Diagrama de flujo de microbiología clasificación de bacterias grampositivas

Bacterias gram-positivas:
La mayoría de las bacterias se pueden clasificar de acuerdo con un procedimiento de laboratorio llamado tinción de Gram.
Las bacterias con paredes celulares que tienen una capa gruesa de peptidoglicano retienen la tinción cristal violeta utilizada en la tinción de Gram, pero no se ven afectadas por la contratinción de safranina. Estas bacterias aparecen como azul púrpura en la tinción, lo que indica que son gram-positivas. Las bacterias pueden clasificarse además según su morfología (filamentos ramificados, bacilos y cocos en grupos o cadenas) y su capacidad para crecer en presencia de oxígeno (aeróbicos versus anaeróbicos). Los cocos también pueden identificarse con mayor profundidad. Los estafilococos pueden reducirse en función de la presencia de la enzima coagulasa y de su sensibilidad al antibiótico novobiocina. Los estreptococos se cultivan en agar sangre y se clasifican según la forma de hemólisis que emplean (α, β o γ). Los estreptococos se reducen aún más en función de su respuesta a la prueba de pirrolidonil-β-naftilamida, su sensibilidad a antimicrobianos específicos (optoquina y bacitracina) y su capacidad para crecer en medios de cloruro de sodio (NaCl).

Imagen por Lecturio. Licencia: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Características Generales

Las características generales de las especies de Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis incluyen:

  • Bacilos gram-positivos
  • Móvil por flagelos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cultivo (motilidad rotatoria a 22–28°C (71,6–82,4°F), pero no a 37 °C (98,6°F)
  • Móvil por movimiento de célula a célula en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el organismo huésped
  • Anaerobios intracelulares facultativos
  • Catalasa positiva
  • No forma esporas
  • Puede sobrevivir y crecer a bajas temperaturas (tan bajas como 1ºC (33,8°F)), pH pH The quantitative measurement of the acidity or basicity of a solution. Acid-Base Balance bajo y condiciones de alto contenido de sal
  • Tiene una β-hemolisina débil, también llamada listeriolisina O ( LLO LLO Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis), que es importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la patogénesis
Micrografía electrónica de barrido de la bacteria Listeria monocytogenes

Micrografía electrónica de barrido de la bacteria Listeria monocytogenes

Imagen: “2287” por Elizabeth White. Licencia: Dominio Público

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Listeria monocytogenes

Fisiopatología

Factores de virulencia

  • El crecimiento intracelular protege a las bacterias de la respuesta inmunitaria humoral.
  • El movimiento de bacterias de célula a célula dentro del huésped permite la propagación de la infección sin exponer las bacterias al AL Amyloidosis sistema inmunitario.
  • L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis produce varias proteínas que son cruciales para su patogénesis:
    • LLO LLO Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis, una β-hemolisina débil similar a la estreptolisina; produce la ruptura de la membrana del fagosoma, lo que permite su supervivencia intracelular y escapar de las vacuolas.
    • La fosfolipasa A (PlcA) y B (PlcB) ayudan a la bacteria Bacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled microorganisms that are metabolically active and divide by binary fission. Some of these organisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Bacteriology a escapar de las vacuolas de la célula huésped.
    • La proteína inductora del ensamblaje de actina ( ActA ActA Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis) es responsable de la motilidad intracelular.
    • Las internalinas (InlA e InlB) son invasinas que median la invasión bacteriana de las células huésped a través de las proteínas transmembrana de cadherina y los LOS Neisseria receptores Met MET Preoperative Care, respectivamente.

Patogénesis

  1. La exposición de una persona sana a grandes cantidades de L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis o de un individuo inmunocomprometido, anciano, embarazado o recién nacido a pequeñas cantidades de L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis
  2. Las proteínas de adhesina facilitan la unión a las células huésped y las internalinas interactúan con la E-cadherina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la superficie de la célula huésped para promover la fagocitosis de bacterias libres.
  3. La listeriolisina O provoca la ruptura del fagolisosoma → libera bacterias en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma de las células fagocíticas → las bacterias se replican
  4. ActA induce la polimerización de actina (“cohetes de actina”) → mueve las bacterias a la superficie celular donde forman proyecciones de filopodios
  5. Las proyecciones, o filopodios, son ingeridas por células epiteliales no fagocíticas adyacentes.
  6. Las bacterias se convierten en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum patógenos intracelulares únicamente, propagándose de una célula a otra sin exposición a anticuerpos, complemento o neutrófilos.
L. Monocytogenes cycle of infection

Ciclo de infección de Listeria monocytogenes:
(A) L. monocytogenes invade la célula huésped a través de la interacción de las internalinas de superficie A y B (InlA e InlB) con los receptores de superficie de la célula huésped E-cadherina y c-Met, respectivamente.
(B) Listeria escapa del fagosoma mediante la acción de las toxinas LLO, PlcA y PlcB.
(D) La Listeria se replica en el citosol y se propulsa a la superficie celular mediante la polimerización de la actina, (E) promoviendo la propagación de célula a célula.
(F) La ruptura de la vacuola de dos membranas también está mediada por las toxinas LLO y fosfolipasa.
InIA: internalina A
InlB: internalina B
LLO: listeriolisina O
PlcA: fosfolipasa A
PlcB: fosfolipasa B
ActA: proteína A inductora del ensamblaje de actina

Imagen por Lecturio.

Respuesta inmune

  • Inmunidad innata:
    • Mediada por neutrófilos, macrófagos, citoquinas y quimioquinas
    • Mayormente evitada debido a la naturaleza intracelular y la diseminación de célula a célula
  • Inmunidad adquirida
    • Principalmente mediada por células porque la Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis permanece intracelular
    • Las vacunas inactivadas no proporcionan inmunidad protectora porque no provocan una respuesta mediada por células.

Transmisión y Epidemiología

Transmisión

  • Ingestión de alimentos contaminados
    • Productos lácteos no pasteurizados (e.g., quesos blandos y leche cruda)
    • Embutidos fríos o carnes ahumadas
  • Transmisión transplacentaria al AL Amyloidosis feto
  • Transmisión vaginal al AL Amyloidosis neonato durante el parto
  • No se produce ninguna otra transmisión de persona a persona o transmitida por el agua.
  • El período de incubación después de la exposición a la bacteria Bacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled microorganisms that are metabolically active and divide by binary fission. Some of these organisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Bacteriology puede durar 1–70 días, pero los LOS Neisseria síntomas generalmente se desarrollan dentro de los LOS Neisseria 30 días.

Factores de riesgo

Una forma invasiva de la enfermedad puede desarrollarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ciertas poblaciones:

  • Individuos inmunocomprometidos
  • Personas ancianas (> 65 años)
  • Neonatos
  • Mujeres embarazadas (aumenta el riesgo 10 veces)
    • Relacionado con los LOS Neisseria mecanismos de tolerancia fetomaterna, incluida la disminución del número de linfocitos T circulantes durante el embarazo
    • 70%–90% de los LOS Neisseria fetos de mujeres infectadas se infectan.
  • La enfermedad gastrointestinal preexistente (e.g., enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, infección por Clostridioides difficile) puede aumentar el riesgo de infección invasiva por Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis o exacerbar la afección preexistente.

Epidemiología

  • L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis está ampliamente distribuida.
    • En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la naturaleza: tierra, tracto intestinal de mamíferos domésticos, roedores y aves
    • Aproximadamente entre 0,1%–5% de los LOS Neisseria adultos asintomáticos sanos pueden tener coprocultivos positivos para L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis.
  • Las infecciones son principalmente esporádicas, pero pueden ocurrir brotes.
  • Incidencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos: 1 600/año (con aproximadamente 260 muertes/año)

Presentación Clínica

Según el tamaño del inóculo y el estado del sistema inmunitario del individuo, la infección por L. monocytogenes L. monocytogenes A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis puede presentarse de diversas formas.

  • Las personas sanas generalmente no se enferman o pueden desarrollar solo gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis autolimitada.
  • Los LOS Neisseria individuos de alto riesgo pueden desarrollar una enfermedad invasiva, conocida como listeriosis, que incluye:
    • Bacteriemia
    • Infección del sistema nervioso central (SNC): meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis, meningoencefalitis, absceso cerebral
    • Corioamnionitis, aborto o muerte fetal en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mujeres embarazadas
    • Listeriosis congénita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum fetos y neonatos
Tabla: Infecciones por Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis monocytogenes
Tipo de presentación clínica Características clínicas
Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis autolimitada Se presenta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos sanos < 48 horas después de ingerir un inóculo grande en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum alimentos contaminados:
  • Fiebre
  • Diarrea acuosa
  • Cefalea
  • La bacteriemia es rara
No requiere tratamiento
Bacteriemia/septicemia Se presenta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos inmunocomprometidos o ancianos:
  • Fiebre
  • Diarrea acuosa
  • Mialgias/artralgias
  • Cefalea
  • Enfermedad similar a la gripe
  • Náuseas y/o vómitos
Infecciones del SNC Se presenta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos inmunocomprometidos o ancianos:
  • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis
  • 5%–10% de todos los LOS Neisseria casos de meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis adquirida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la comunidad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos
    • Puede imitar la meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis aséptica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas mayores o con enfermedades crónicas
    • Se presenta con rigidez nucal, alteración de la conciencia, ataxia Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or peripheral nerve diseases. Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; injury to the red nucleus; and other conditions. Ataxia-telangiectasia y convulsiones (con frecuencia subagudas)
    • LCR: recuento de leucocitos < 1 000/µL
  • Los LOS Neisseria abscesos cerebrales son posibles.
    • El LCR puede ser normal.
    • Son posibles las secuelas neurológicas debidas al AL Amyloidosis efecto de masa.
Infección en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mujeres embarazadas
  • Puede causar aborto espontáneo y muerte fetal
  • La afectación del SNC es rara.
  • La septicemia puede presentarse como una enfermedad similar a la gripe y facilita la transmisión transplacentaria.
  • Puede progresar a corioamnionitis aguda, con placenta Placenta A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (chorionic villi) derived from trophoblasts and a maternal portion (decidua) derived from the uterine endometrium. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (placental hormones). Placenta, Umbilical Cord, and Amniotic Cavity mostrando intervellositis aguda con microabscesos intervellosos
Infección en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum fetos/neonatos (listeriosis congénita)
  • 70%–90% de los LOS Neisseria fetos se infectan.
  • Tasa de mortalidad:
    • Los LOS Neisseria fetos in utero tienen una tasa de mortalidad del 50%.
    • Los LOS Neisseria neonatos nacidos vivos tienen una tasa de mortalidad del 20% si reciben tratamiento.
  • Forma de inicio temprano:
  • Forma de inicio tardío:
    • Infección neonatal durante o poco después del nacimiento
    • Se presenta 2–3 semanas después de la exposición como meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis neonatal y septicemia

Diagnóstico y Tratamiento

Diagnóstico

  • No es necesaria la confirmación del agente causal en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos sanos que presentan gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis autolimitada.
  • La enfermedad invasiva se puede diagnosticar a través de la identificación bacteriana.
    • La Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis se identifica a través de la motilidad rotatoria característica o el crecimiento en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum temperaturas frías.
    • La identificación se puede lograr mediante hemocultivo o cultivo de LCR.
  • El análisis del LCR será sugestivo de meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis bacteriana:
    • Leucocitos elevados (con predominio de neutrófilos)
    • Niveles elevados de proteínas
    • Glucosa disminuida

Tratamiento

  • Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis autolimitada no complicada: sin tratamiento
  • Enfermedad invasiva:
    • Ampicilina y gentamicina intravenosas para adultos
    • Ampicilina y gentamicina intravenosa para neonatos
    • Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol intravenoso para pacientes alérgicos a la penicilina

Prevención

  • Evitar los LOS Neisseria productos lácteos sin pasteurizar
  • Cocinar completamente todas las carnes
  • Lavar las verduras frescas antes de su consumo

Diagnóstico Diferencial

El diagnóstico diferencial de la listeriosis incluye todas las causas de meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis o septicemia.

Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis bacteriana Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis viral Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis fúngica/tuberculosa ( TB TB Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis)
Glucosa ↓ Normal ↓
Proteínas ↑ Normal ↑
Leucocitos ↑ Leucocitos polimorfonucleares ↑ Linfocitos ↑↑ Linfocitos
Presión de apertura ↑ Normal ↑↑
Color Turbio Claro o sanguinolento Claro u opaco

Referencias

  1. Shoham, S. (2023). Listeria monocytogenes. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540318/all/Listeria_Monocytogenes
  2. Riedel, S., Hobden, J.A. (2019). In Riedel, S, Morse, S.A., Mietzner, T., Miller, S. (Eds.), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology (28th ed, pp. 199–201).
  3. Hohmann, E.L., Portnoy, D.A. (2018). In Jameson, J.L., et al. (Ed.), Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (20th ed. Vol 2, pp. 1100–1102). 
  4. Gelfand, M.S. (2024). Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Uptodate. Retrieved November 15, 2025, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-listeria-monocytogenes-infection
  5. Medawar’s paradox and immune mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance. (2024). OBM Transplantation | Medawar’s Paradox and Immune Mechanisms of Fetomaternal Tolerance. Retrieved November 15, 2025, from https://www.lidsen.com/journals/transplantation/
  6. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. (2023). Best practices guidance for controlling Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in retail delicatessens (Guideline ID FSIS-GD-2023-0004). https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/documents/FSIS-GD-2023-0004.pdf
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