Aspergillus/Aspergilosis

Características Generales de Aspergillus

Características:

• Existe solamente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la forma de moho (no es dimórfico)
• Altamente aeróbico
• Crece en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las plantas, el suelo, el polvo doméstico y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria alimentos
• Obtiene nutrientes de la materia muerta y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum descomposición
• Se visualiza mejor con tinciones de plata

Morfología:

• Hifas
  • Estructuras largas y filamentosas
  • Septos frecuentes
  • Forman ramas dicotómicas (ángulos de 45 grados)
  • Las paredes suelen ser paralelas
• Conidios
  • Esporas asexuales, no móviles
  • Esféricos
  • Se originan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria conidióforos (rama hifal especializada)

Especies clínicamente relevantes

Existen más de 250 especies de Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins; sin embargo, solamente las siguientes especies son las más comúnmente asociadas a la aspergilosis:

• A. fumigatus A. fumigatus A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals. Aspergillus/Aspergillosis (más común)
• A. niger A. niger An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits and vegetables such as grapes, apricots, onions, and peanuts, and is a common contaminant of food. Aspergillus/Aspergillosis
• A. flavus A. flavus A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin. Aspergillus/Aspergillosis
• A. terreus A. terreus Aspergillus/Aspergillosis

Formas de aspergilosis

La aspergilosis puede tener presentaciones clínicas variables, siendo los LOS Neisseria pulmones y la piel los LOS Neisseria órganos más afectados. Estas presentaciones de la enfermedad incluyen:

• Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica
• Sinusitis Sinusitis Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. The condition usually occurs concurrently with inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis), a condition known as rhinosinusitis. Acute sinusitis is due to an upper respiratory infection caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal agent. Sinusitis por Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins
• Aspergiloma
• Aspergilosis pulmonar crónica
• Aspergilosis invasiva
• Aspergilosis cutánea

Epidemiología y Patogénesis

Epidemiología

Se dispone de pocas estadísticas sobre la aspergilosis.

• La aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica afecta potencialmente a:
  • 1%–15% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes con fibrosis Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Bronchiolitis Obliterans quística
  • 2,5% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes con asma ASMA Autoimmune Hepatitis
• Aspergilosis invasiva:
  • No es común y ocurre principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos inmunocomprometidos
  • Incidencia: 1–2 casos por cada 100 000 personas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos
    • Más común en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes que han sido sometidos a un trasplante
    • Asociado a aproximadamente 15 000 hospitalizaciones

Factores de riesgo del huésped

Los LOS Neisseria humanos inhalan esporas a diario, pero generalmente no desarrollan la enfermedad si tienen un sistema inmune competente. La aspergilosis suele presentarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas con afecciones subyacentes como:

• Inmunosupresión:
  • VIH
  • Quimioterapia
  • Malignidad hematológica
  • Neutropenia Neutropenia Neutrophils are an important component of the immune system and play a significant role in the eradication of infections. Low numbers of circulating neutrophils, referred to as neutropenia, predispose the body to recurrent infections or sepsis, though patients can also be asymptomatic. Neutropenia prolongada o severa
  • Uso crónico de esteroides
  • Receptores de trasplantes
• Enfermedades pulmonares:
  • Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis
  • Asma ASMA Autoimmune Hepatitis
  • Fibrosis Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Bronchiolitis Obliterans quística
  • Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
  • Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease that causes noncaseating granulomas. The exact etiology is unknown. Sarcoidosis usually affects the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes, but it can also affect almost every system in the body, including the skin, heart, and eyes, most commonly. Sarcoidosis
  • Cáncer de pulmón

Transmisión

• Inhalación de esporas (más común)
• Invasión a través de la piel dañada

Fisiopatología

La patogénesis de cada tipo de aspergilosis no se conoce completamente.

En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes inmunocompetentes:

• Inhalación de conidios → captados por los LOS Neisseria macrófagos
• Germinación en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum hifas → reconocimiento inmunitario por los LOS Neisseria componentes de la pared celular
• Reclutamiento de neutrófilos → destrucción de hifas

En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes inmunocomprometidos:

• Las hifas invaden los LOS Neisseria tejidos y las paredes de los LOS Neisseria vasos sanguíneos → aspergilosis invasiva
• La invasión da lugar a las siguientes afecciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria órganos (más comúnmente el pulmón):
  • Infarto tisular
  • Hemorragia
  • Necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage

En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar subyacente:

• La invasión de los LOS Neisseria tejidos no es tan común a menos que exista una inmunodeficiencia concurrente.
• Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins puede habitar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las cavidades pulmonares → puede desarrollarse una masa enredada de hifas, fibrina y células inflamatorias → aspergiloma (bola fúngica)
• La presencia de Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins puede desencadenar una reacción de hipersensibilidad → aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica

Presentación Clínica

La presentación clínica varía según la forma de aspergilosis.

Síntomas constitucionales comunes

Los LOS Neisseria siguientes síntomas pueden observarse con cualquier forma de aspergilosis:

• Fiebre
• Escalofríos
• Sudoración nocturna
• Pérdida de peso
• Malestar general

Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica

La aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica debe sospecharse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con asma ASMA Autoimmune Hepatitis o fibrosis Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Bronchiolitis Obliterans quística que presentan exacerbaciones recurrentes. Los LOS Neisseria síntomas incluyen:

• Disnea
• Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:
  • Productiva
  • Tapones mucosos verdes o marrones
• Hemoptisis
• Sibilancias

Sinusitis Sinusitis Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. The condition usually occurs concurrently with inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis), a condition known as rhinosinusitis. Acute sinusitis is due to an upper respiratory infection caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal agent. Sinusitis por Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins

La sinusitis Sinusitis Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. The condition usually occurs concurrently with inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis), a condition known as rhinosinusitis. Acute sinusitis is due to an upper respiratory infection caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal agent. Sinusitis por Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins puede ser alérgica o invasiva. Los LOS Neisseria síntomas incluyen:

• Congestión nasal
• Secreción nasal purulenta
• Disminución del sentido del olfato
• Molestias faciales y/o sensibilidad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria senos paranasales
• Cefalea

Aspergilosis pulmonar crónica y aspergiloma

Algunos pacientes con aspergilosis pulmonar crónica y aspergiloma son asintomáticos. Los LOS Neisseria individuos sintomáticos pueden presentar:

• Dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico
• Disnea
• Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (seca o productiva)
• Hemoptisis
• Nota: los LOS Neisseria síntomas constitucionales suelen aparecer en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la aspergilosis pulmonar crónica, pero no en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el aspergiloma.

Aspergilosis invasiva

Pulmonar:

• Fiebre
• Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
• Hemoptisis
• Dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico pleurítico
• Dificultad respiratoria

Infección diseminada:

• Endoftalmitis
• Endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis
• Aspergilosis del SNC:
  • Convulsiones
  • Déficits neurológicos focales
  • Aneurismas micóticos → hemorragia subaracnoidea

Aspergilosis cutánea

La aspergilosis cutánea puede producirse por inoculación directa o por una infección diseminada. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar:

• Lesiones eritematosas con placas endurecidas de color rojo o violeta
• Pápulas y nódulos indurados o umbilicados
• Puede aparecer una escara negra superpuesta.

Diagnóstico

Imagenología

Es habitual que se solicite imagenología torácica con radiografía o una TC. Los LOS Neisseria hallazgos pueden incluir:

• Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica: bronquiectasias centrales y opacidades pulmonares
• Aspergiloma: signo monódico (una semiluna de aire alrededor de una bola de hongo dentro de una cavidad)
• Aspergilosis invasiva:
  • Nódulos únicos o múltiples → pueden progresar a la cavitación
  • Consolidación parcheada o segmentada
  • Aspecto de “árbol en brote” si hay bronquiolitis
  • Signo del halo: opacidad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum vidrio esmerilado alrededor de un nódulo pulmonar que resulta de la invasión directa de un vaso pulmonar

Exámenes de laboratorio

• Pruebas para la aspergilosis invasiva:
  • Detección del antígeno galactomanano:
    • Polisacárido en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la pared celular de Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins
    • Realizado mediante inmunoensayo enzimático
  • 1,3 beta-D-glucano:
    • Un componente de la pared celular de muchos hongos
    • Menos sensible que la prueba para detectar el galactomanano
  • La PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) para Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins puede facilitar el diagnóstico y se incluye en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria criterios micológicos actuales.
• La evaluación de la aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica puede demostrar:
  • Eosinofilia
  • Niveles elevados de IgE IgE An immunoglobulin associated with mast cells. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions sérica contra Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins
  • Reactividad cutánea positiva a la prueba del antígeno de Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins
• Pruebas de aspergilosis pulmonar crónica: anticuerpo IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis contra Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins

Cultivo e histopatología

• Modalidad para el diagnóstico definitivo
• Se obtiene una muestra de tejido o fluido del órgano afectado
• El hongo puede identificarse mediante la tinción de plata metanamina o la tinción de ácido periódico de Schiff.

Tratamiento y Prevención

Tratamiento de la aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica

• Esteroides orales
• El itraconazol se reserva para los LOS Neisseria pacientes que no toleran la reducción gradual de los LOS Neisseria esteroides.
• Optimizar la terapia para la fibrosis Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Bronchiolitis Obliterans quística o el asma ASMA Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Aspergilosis pulmonar crónica y aspergiloma

• El aspergiloma no requiere tratamiento si es asintomático y no responde a la terapia antifúngica.
• Tratamiento antifúngico para la aspergilosis pulmonar crónica:
  • Itraconazol
  • Voriconazol
• Embolización de la arteria bronquial para la hemoptisis masiva
• Resección quirúrgica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum caso de enfermedad grave

Tratamiento de la aspergilosis invasiva

Las siguientes opciones pueden utilizarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la enfermedad invasiva, incluida la sinusitis Sinusitis Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. The condition usually occurs concurrently with inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis), a condition known as rhinosinusitis. Acute sinusitis is due to an upper respiratory infection caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal agent. Sinusitis invasiva, la enfermedad cutánea y la enfermedad diseminada:

• Terapia antifúngica:
  • Voriconazol (elección preferida)
  • Anfotericina B
  • Caspofungina
• Tratamiento de la inmunosupresión:
  • Interrupción de los LOS Neisseria corticosteroides
  • Terapia antirretroviral para el VIH
• Quirúrgico:
  • Desbridamiento del tejido necrótico
  • Reemplazo valvular en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum caso de endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis

Prevención

• El posaconazol se utiliza más comúnmente para la profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes inmunocomprometidos.
• Reducir la exposición al AL Amyloidosis moho (si se conoce la fuente).

Diagnóstico Diferencial

• Coccidioidomicosis: infección causada por el hongo Coccidioides Coccidioides Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. When Coccidioides spores are inhaled, they transform into spherules that result in infection. Coccidioidomycosis is also a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and can cause severe disease in the immunocompromised. Coccidioides/Coccidioidomycosis que puede presentarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes inmunocompetentes o inmunocomprometidos. Se sabe que el Coccidioides Coccidioides Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. When Coccidioides spores are inhaled, they transform into spherules that result in infection. Coccidioidomycosis is also a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and can cause severe disease in the immunocompromised. Coccidioides/Coccidioidomycosis provoca una enfermedad tanto pulmonar como extrapulmonar. La coccidioidomicosis se diagnostica mediante serología, examen microscópico de las muestras y cultivos fúngicos. El tratamiento médico es principalmente con fluconazol, itraconazol o anfotericina B (para la enfermedad grave).
• Paracoccidioidomicosis: infección oportunista causada por Paracoccidioides Paracoccidioides Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. The fungus is geographically distributed across Mexico and South and Central America. Transmission is by inhalation, and most infections are asymptomatic. Paracoccidioides/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar una enfermedad mucocutánea, linfática o visceral. La paracoccidioidomicosis se diagnostica a partir de la evaluación microscópica de las muestras y del cultivo. El tratamiento médico es principalmente con itraconazol o anfotericina B (para casos graves).
• Blastomicosis: enfermedad pulmonar causada por la inhalación de las esporas de Blastomyces Blastomyces Blastomycosis is an infection caused by inhalation of the spores of the fungus, Blastomyces. Blastomyces species thrive in moist soil and decaying material and are common in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys and the Great Lakes regions of the United States and Canada. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some can develop pneumonia. Blastomyces/Blastomycosis. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden desarrollar neumonía o enfermedad extrapulmonar diseminada. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante imagenología y cultivos. Si los LOS Neisseria pacientes no mejoran espontáneamente, se puede administrar itraconazol. El tratamiento médico incluye fluconazol, itraconazol o anfotericina B ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum casos graves).
• Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. Transmission is through inhalation, and exposure to soils containing bird or bat droppings increases the risk of infection. Most infections are asymptomatic; however, immunocompromised individuals generally develop acute pulmonary infection, chronic infection, or even disseminated disease. Histoplasma/Histoplasmosis: infección causada por Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasma/Histoplasmosis. Los LOS Neisseria síntomas pueden ser inespecíficos o coincidir con los LOS Neisseria de la neumonía. La histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. Transmission is through inhalation, and exposure to soils containing bird or bat droppings increases the risk of infection. Most infections are asymptomatic; however, immunocompromised individuals generally develop acute pulmonary infection, chronic infection, or even disseminated disease. Histoplasma/Histoplasmosis se diagnostica mediante cultivos de hongos o pruebas de antígenos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum orina y suero. Se puede administrar itraconazol si los LOS Neisseria pacientes no muestran mejoría de los LOS Neisseria síntomas.
• Criptococosis: infección oportunista causada por las levaduras Cryptococcus Cryptococcus Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic, fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus species. The principal pathogens in humans are C. neoformans (primary) and C. gattii. Cryptococcus neoformans is typically found in pigeon droppings and acquired by inhaling dust from contaminated soil. The majority of affected patients are immunocompromised. Cryptococcus/Cryptococcosis neoformans o C. gattii C. gattii A species of the fungus cryptococcus. Its teleomorph is filobasidiella bacillispora. Cryptococcus/Cryptococcosis. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden desarrollar neumonía, meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis o enfermedad cutánea. Los LOS Neisseria cultivos de hongos y las pruebas de antígenos criptocócicos pueden proporcionar el diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende de la presentación clínica, pero puede incluir fluconazol y anfotericina B (para la meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis).