Klebsiella
Classification General Characteristics General characteristics Biochemistry Habitats/reservoirs Virulence factors Clinical Relevance Epidemiology and transmission Infectious manifestations Pneumonia: Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Catheter-related bacteremia: Less frequent infections: Mnemonic To help remember the clinical manifestations of Klebsiella, remember “the 5 As of KlebsiellA:” Antibiotic resistance Identification References:
Chlamydia
General Characteristics General characteristics Mnemonic To help recall the characteristics of the life cycle, remember the 3 Es and 2 Rs: Reservoirs, transmission, and risk factors Table: Reservoirs, transmission, and risk factors C. trachomatis C. psittaci C. pneumoniae Host range Humans primarily Animals primarily Humans occasionally Humans only Transmission Sexual contact Autoinoculation Ocular-genital contact Passage […]
Rickettsia
General Characteristics General characteristics Transmission and geography Table: Summary of major clinically relevant species R. rickettsii R. prowazekii R. typhi R. akari Vector Hard ticks (Ixodidae family): Dermacentor (dog tick), Amblyoma (wood tick) Human lice (Pediculus humanus corporis): Defecate on skin Host scratches area. Bacteria enter the skin. Eastern flying squirrels along with their lice […]
Proteus
Classification General Characteristics Proteus spp. Clinically relevant species Epidemiology Pathogenesis Reservoir and transmission Virulence factors Disease process Clinical Presentation Diagnosis and Management Diagnosis Treatment Comparison with UTI-associated bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Proteus spp. are common etiologies of urinary tract infection. Table: Different factors of Proteus spp. versus E. coli Proteus spp. E. coli […]
Bacillus
Classification General Characteristics Basic features of Bacillus spp. Pathogenic species B. anthracis Epidemiology Transmission Pathogenesis Clinical presentation In the United States, 3 clinical manifestations occur. Identification Management Prevention B. cereus Epidemiology Transmission Pathogenesis Clinical presentation Identification References
Yersinia pestis/Plague
General Characteristics Basic features of Yersinia pestis Structure: bacilli/rods Gram stain: gram negative Other stain(s): Stains such as Wright’s, Giemsa’s, and Wayson’s Bipolar staining (retain staining at the ends of the cells) or “safety pin” appearance Spore formation: non-spore forming Invasion and replication in relation to the host cell(s): facultative intracellular Oxygen requirement: facultative anaerobes […]
Yersinia spp./Yersiniosis
Classification General Characteristics Basic features of Yersinia spp. Structure: bacilli/rods Gram stain: gram negative Other stain(s): Stains such as Wright’s, Giemsa’s, and Wayson’s Bipolar staining (retain staining at the ends of the cells) or “safety pin” appearance Spore formation: non-spore forming Invasion and replication in relation to the host cell(s): facultative intracellular Oxygen requirement: aerobic, […]
Clostridia
Classification General Characteristics Basic features of Clostridium species Pathogenic species Table: Compare and contrast Clostridia species C. botulinum Clostridioides difficile C. perfringens C. tetani Habitat Soil Marine sediments Intestinal flora Soil Intestinal flora Soil Intestinal flora Virulence Botulinum toxin Enterotoxin A Toxin B Alpha toxin Enterotoxin Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) Transmission Ingestion of: Spores Preformed toxin […]
Corynebacterium
Classification General Characteristics Basic features General characteristics of Corynebacterium species include: Growth and biochemical properties Clinically relevant species Corynebacterium diphtheriae Epidemiology Transmission Virulence factors Clinical presentation Diphtheria (respiratory): Complications/systemic toxemia: Cutaneous (wound) diphtheria: Identification Prevention Management Mnemonic “ABCDEFGs of Corynebacterium diphtheriae”: References
Bordetella
Classification General Characteristics Basic features of Bordetella Biochemistry and growth Pathogenic species Bordetella Pertussis Epidemiology Transmission Pathophysiology Pathogenesis: Virulence factors: Clinical presentation Identification Specimen collection: Tests: Prevention References