Cerebrovascular System: Anatomy
Arterial Supply Arterial origin The arterial supply of the brain is derived from 2 arterial systems: Cerebral blood supply Cerebellar blood supply The cerebellum is supplied by branches of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Circle of Willis The circle of Willis is an interconnected network of arteries within the brain. The circle of Willis represents […]
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract: Anatomy
Development Gross Anatomy of the Gallbladder Location Structure of the gallbladder Gross Anatomy of the Biliary Tree Bile, a digestive fluid produced and secreted by hepatocytes in the liver, is transported to the gallbladder and small intestines by a series of branching bile ducts known collectively as the biliary tree. Intrahepatic bile ducts Ducts that […]
Small Intestine: Anatomy
Development Gross Anatomy The small intestine is a long tubular structure in the abdomen that is responsible for approximately 90% of nutrient absorption. General characteristics Duodenum General characteristics and anatomic relations: Parts of the duodenum: The duodenum consists of 4 parts (from proximal to distal): Jejunum and ileum The jejunum and ileum make up a […]
Nervous System: Anatomy, Structure, and Classification
Overview The nervous system is separated into the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems act as parts of the autonomic nervous system. Anatomical subdivision Functional subdivision Central Nervous System The CNS is composed of the brain, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Each of these structures is […]
Teeth: Anatomy
Development Embryologic development The teeth are derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch. Stages: Dental lamina: C-shaped; site where the teeth form Bud: Dental lamina thickens by cell aggregation → each tooth bud is created The tooth bud moves into underlying mesoderm while keeping contact with the surface via the dental lamina. Cap: Formation of enamel […]
Skull: Anatomy
Viscerocranium The viscerocranium is responsible for maintaining the structure for the muscles of the face. The muscles are arranged in a complex anatomical pattern to allow for a variety of facial functions such as mastication, smiling, frowning, eye movement, and patency of the nasal passage. Table: Bones of the viscerocranium Viscerocranium bone Number of bones […]
Pancreas: Anatomy
Development The pancreas is a leaf-shaped organ that lies transversely on the posterior abdominal wall. Gross Anatomy Structure and anatomic relations The pancreas is a leaf-shaped organ with 5 major parts: Ducts The exocrine glands within the pancreas secrete their products into a network of ducts. These ducts ultimately drain into the main pancreatic duct. […]
Penis: Anatomy
Gross Anatomy Overview The penis is attached to the pubic bone by the crura penis. This attachment is the root of the penis, and it is located just below the prostate gland. The urethra enters the penis at the root and travels within the corpus spongiosum on the dorsal aspect of the penis. Structure The […]
Lips and Tongue: Anatomy
Gross Anatomy of the Lips Characteristics Philtrum: vertical indentation in the middle area of the upper lip Oral commissures: lateral borders of the oral cavity where upper and lower lips join Vermilion lip: pink portion of external lip Contain fewer melanocytes than the rest of the skin Do not contain sweat glands Lips are attached […]
Stomach: Anatomy
Overview The stomach is a muscular sac in the upper abdomen that plays a critical role in digestion. Functions of the stomach Development of the stomach Gross Anatomy General characteristics Parts of the stomach and anatomic landmarks Location Anatomic relationships The stomach is in direct contact with a number of other organs, including: Microscopic Anatomy […]