Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, and management of conditions that affect the endocrine glands of the human body. These conditions include the very common diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders, disorders of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, disorders of the adrenal glands, bone density disorders related to parathyroid dysfunction, and reproductive disorders related to endocrine function.
For optimal understanding, the student needs to be familiar with the entirety of endocrine physiology, including the regulatory mechanism of hormones.
Endocrine pathologies have a very distinctive presentation, as the abundance or absence of endocrine secretions has immediate and recognizable effects on the physiology and, ultimately, the clinical presentation of the individual.
The healthcare provider should have clarity on the typical presentation of common endocrine abnormalities and the accompanying clinical manifestations. Furthermore, owing to the intricate nature of the management of these conditions, the provider must be able to redirect care to the appropriate subspecialist to ensure the best outcomes.
Learning objectives
After the completion of this course, you will be able to:
- Discuss the anatomy, histology, and physiology of major endocrine glands, including feedback mechanisms and homeostasis.
- Describe the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of common endocrine disorders affecting the thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal glands, and reproductive system.
- Recognize key diagnostic criteria, clinical presentations, and physical examination findings for major endocrine conditions.
- Explain the pathophysiology of common endocrine disorders, including associated metabolic and electrolyte disturbances.
- Demonstrate understanding of laboratory findings and diagnostic criteria for endocrine conditions.
- List relevant differential diagnoses for common endocrine presentations.
- Describe comprehensive management approaches, including pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions.
- Explain medication mechanisms, indications, adverse effects, and contraindications in endocrine disorder management.
- Recognize complications and long-term sequelae of endocrine disorders.
Course outline
- Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology Review
- Thyroid Disorders
- Pituitary and Hypothalamic Disorders
- Adrenal Gland Disorders
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Metabolic Bone Disorders
- Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
